An encryption–decryption framework to validating single-particle imaging

Abstract We propose an encryption–decryption framework for validating diffraction intensity volumes reconstructed using single-particle imaging (SPI) with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) when the ground truth volume is absent. This conceptual exploits each volumes’ ability to decipher latent variables (e.g. orientations) of unseen sentinel patterns. Using this framework, we quantify novel measures orientation disconcurrence , inconsistency, and disagreement between decryptions by two independently volumes. also study how these can be used define data sufficiency its relation spatial resolution, practical consequences focusing XFEL pulses smaller foci. overcomes critical ambiguities in Fourier Shell Correlation (FSC) as a validation measure SPI. Finally, show encryption-decryption naturally leads information-theoretic reformulation resolving power XFEL-SPI, which hope will lead principled frameworks experiment instrument design.